Peptide Comparisons

Side-by-side analysis of similar peptides based on published research

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Compare Semaglutide, Tirzepatide, and Retatrutide - the leading incretin-based peptides for metabolic research.
Feature
SemaglutideFDA
TirzepatideFDA
Retatrutide
MechanismGLP-1 receptor agonistDual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonistTriple GIP/GLP-1/Glucagon receptor agonist
Receptors
GLP-1
GLP-1GIP
GLP-1GIPGlucagon
Starting Dose0.25mg weekly2.5mg weekly0.5mg weekly
Maintenance0.5-1.0mg weekly5-10mg weekly4-8mg weekly
Maximum2.4mg weekly (Wegovy)15mg weekly12mg weekly (Phase 2)
Half-Life~7 days~5 days~6 days
Weight Loss~15% body weight (STEP trials)~21% body weight (SURMOUNT-1)~24% body weight (Phase 2)
A1c Reduction1.5-1.8%2.0-2.3%2.0-2.2%
Brand NamesOzempic, Wegovy, RybelsusMounjaro, ZepboundInvestigational
View Protocol
SemaglutideFDA Approved

Key Benefits

  • Longest clinical track record
  • Oral formulation available (Rybelsus)
  • Cardiovascular benefits proven
  • Weekly dosing convenience

Common Side Effects

  • Nausea (most common)
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Constipation

Key References

  • Wilding JPH, et al. STEP 1 Trial. NEJM. 2021;384(11):989-1002
  • Marso SP, et al. SUSTAIN-6 Trial. NEJM. 2016;375(19):1834-44
TirzepatideFDA Approved

Key Benefits

  • Greater weight loss than semaglutide
  • Dual receptor activation
  • Superior A1c reduction
  • Improved insulin sensitivity

Common Side Effects

  • Nausea
  • Diarrhea
  • Decreased appetite
  • Vomiting

Key References

  • Jastreboff AM, et al. SURMOUNT-1 Trial. NEJM. 2022;387(3):205-16
  • Frías JP, et al. SURPASS-2 Trial. NEJM. 2021;385(6):503-15
RetatrutideInvestigational

Key Benefits

  • Highest weight loss in trials
  • Triple receptor mechanism
  • Enhanced energy expenditure
  • Potential liver fat reduction

Common Side Effects

  • Nausea
  • Diarrhea
  • Vomiting
  • Constipation

Key References

  • Jastreboff AM, et al. Retatrutide Phase 2. NEJM. 2023;389(6):514-26
  • Rosenstock J, et al. Retatrutide in T2DM. Lancet. 2023;402(10401):529-44

Disclaimer: This comparison is for educational and research purposes only. Data is derived from published clinical trials and scientific literature. Individual responses may vary. Not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Consult healthcare providers for medical decisions.